Local player Gael Monfils, ranked 81st in the world, upset fifth seed Tomas Berdych of Czech Republic in a marathon first round match at Court Phillipe Chatrier.
"There was the adrenaline and the match and the crowd, but I didn't think I would do this well," said Monfils.
Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, also from France, brushed aside Aljaz Bedene of Slovenia 6-2, 6-2, 6-3 to advance to the second round.
The sixth-seeded Tsonga, the last French man to reach a Grand Slam final at the Australian Open in 2008, will take on either compatriot Paul-Henri Mathieu or Finn Jarkko Nieminen in the next round.