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This is the VOA Special English Health Report.
Have you ever felt lumps under the skin on the sides of your neck when you were sick? Those might be lymph nodes. They can get swollen and painful but their job is to fight infection. Lymph nodes are part of the body's defenses known as the lymphatic system.
This complex system throughout the body makes and transports a protective fluid called lymph. Lymph is made of white blood cells, proteins and fats.
In a patient with breast cancer, the cancer can spread to the large number of lymph nodes under the arm. Doctors have traditionally removed many of these lymph nodes in the hope of removing all the cancer.
But the latest research finds nothing to gain by removing so many lymph nodes.
Doctors have two choices when breast cancer starts to spread. They can do what is called a sentinel node biopsy. They remove the main growth and one or two lymph nodes nearest to it.
Or they can take more aggressive action and remove a lot of lymph nodes. But that can lead to shoulder pain and permanent swelling of the arm.
Dr. Armando Giuiliano at the John Wayne Cancer Institute in Santa Monica, California, was a leader of the study. He found that a sentinel node biopsy can be enough to eliminate all of the cancer. And the patient does not need to stay in a hospital to have it done.
Dr. Giuliano and researchers at other American cancer centers studied almost 900 breast cancer patients. In each case, the cancer had spread to no more than two lymph nodes.
Half of the women had the traditional surgery. Doctors removed an average of 17 lymph nodes. The other half had the simpler operation with just one or two nodes removed. Then both groups received radiation treatment and chemotherapy drugs.
Doctor Giuliano says rates of survival five years later showed that the less invasive operation was just as successful as the more aggressive action.
ARMANDO GIULIANO: "The five-year survival was about 92 percent regardless of which operation. And, wonderfully, women who had the sentinel node biopsy alone did just as well as the women who had the more radical operation."
The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Some experts say the findings could change the way surgeons treat early breast cancers that have spread to the lymph nodes. But other doctors say they want more proof before they make a change.
And that's the VOA Special English Health Report. You can get more health news along with transcripts and MP3s of our reports at voaspecialenglish.com. And we invite you to visit the all-new mobile version of our site on your phone or other device. I'm Pat Bodnar.
lymph: a colourless liquid containing white blood cells that cleans the tissues of the body and helps to prevent infections from spreading 淋巴；淋巴液
biopsy: the removal and examination of tissue from the body of somebody who is ill, in order to find out more about their disease 活組織檢查（從身體取下細胞或組織進行觀察）
New findings on surgery for women with genes linked to cancer
Stomach cancer on rise among certain young white Americans
（來源：VOA 編輯：崔旭燕）
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